全国铁路扣件螺栓防腐养护工作量大，人工涂油作业成本高、效率低、劳动强度大，存在作业安全风险、道碴污染等问题。针对这一系列问题，研发了一种基于可编程逻辑控制器（programmable logic controller, PLC）控制的可在铁路轨道对扣件螺栓进行自动涂油作业的自动涂油装置，实现施工过程的高效化、智能化和自动化。对设备的行走机构、涂油系统、扣件螺栓识别感应装置、控制系统等进行优化设计。创新性地设计了可调节的喷涂结构，实现了对不同类型轨道的涂油作业，创新性地设计了可自适应轨道扣件螺栓高度位置变化的传感器装置，实现了对不同高度分布的轨道扣件螺栓的精准识别。针对防锈油脂特性，对装置的定量雾化技术进行分析与优化设计。台达DVP ES2-24MR PLC与外部执行器件连接，通过PLC进行数据处理实时控制相应的传感器，采用补偿算法实现设备涂油作业的精确控制。实验表明，自动涂油装置缩短了大量的工期，解决了现有机械式涂油机涂油不精准、滴油、拉线等污染现象，装置可有效保障涂油作业质量和安全，有效提高施工效率，降低施工成本。

The anti-corrosion maintenance workload of railway fasteners and bolts in China is large, and the cost of manual lubrication operation is high, the efficiency is low, and the labor intensity is high, and there are problems such as operation safety risks and ballast pollution. In order to solve this series of problems, an automatic lubrication device based on PLC (programmable logic controller) control that can automatically lubricate fasteners and bolts on railway tracks was developed to realize the efficiency, intelligence and automation of the construction process. Optimize the design of the equipment's traveling mechanism, lubrication system, fastener bolt identification and sensing device, control system, etc. The adjustable spraying structure was innovatively designed to realize the oil coating operation of different types of tracks, and the sensor device that can adapt to the change of the height and position of the rail fastener bolts was innovatively designed, so as to realize the accurate identification of the track fastener bolts with different height distribution. According to the characteristics of anti-rust grease, the quantitative atomization technology of the device was analyzed and optimized. Delta's DVP ES2-24MR PLC is connected to an external actuator, which processes data through the PLC to control the corresponding sensors in real time, and uses compensation algorithms to achieve accurate control of the equipment oil coating operation. The experiment shows that the automatic lubrication device shortens a large number of construction periods, solves the pollution phenomena such as inaccurate lubrication, oil dripping and wire pulling of the existing mechanical lubricating machine, and the device can effectively guarantee the quality and safety of the lubrication operation, effectively improve the construction efficiency and reduce the construction cost.