为提升轴流式螺旋涡轮钻具的输出性能，亟需对涡轮的结构及水力性能进行研究。首先采用微积分思想，建立了等厚度翼片和变厚度翼片两种螺旋涡轮输出水力特性的解析计算模型；其次构建了翼片的型线方程，分析了螺旋角对涡轮输出水力性能的影响规律；然后基于井下螺旋涡轮发电机设计实例，分析了两种螺旋涡轮的输出性能参数及螺旋角的影响；最后基于螺旋涡轮优化分析结果加工了泥浆脉冲发电机，研究了不同排量对发电性能的室内实验。研究结果表明：在给定条件下，变厚度螺旋涡轮的输出水力性能明显高于翼片厚度不变的螺旋涡轮；随翼片螺旋角的增大，涡轮输出特性曲线急剧下降，当螺旋角超过某一值（约为30°）后，涡轮的输出特性下降不显著。螺旋涡轮的叶片数为7，螺旋角为38°，井下涡轮发电机负载为8 Ω时，发电机达到最大功率300 W，通过室内测试，发电机功率符合井下工具要求。研究结果可为井下智能钻井设备提供可靠的电力来源。

In order to enhance the output performance of axial flow helical turbine drilling tools, it is crucial to conduct research on the structure and hydraulic performance of the turbine. Firstly, an analytical computational model for the hydraulic characteristics of two types of helical turbines, namely constant thickness blade and variable thickness blade, was established using calculus principles. Secondly, the blade profile equation was constructed to analyze the influence of helix angle on the hydraulic performance of the turbine. Finally, based on the design example of an underground helical turbine generator, the output performance parameters of the two types of helical turbines and the impact of helix angle were analyzed. Furthermore, a mud pulse generator was manufactured based on the optimized analysis results of the helical turbine, and indoor experiments were conducted to study the impact of different displacements on the power generation performance. The research findings show as follows. Under given conditions, the variable thickness helical turbine exhibits significantly higher hydraulic performance compared to the helical turbine with constant blade thickness. The turbine output characteristics curve sharply decreases as the helix angle of the blade increases. However, the decrease in turbine output characteristics becomes insignificant when the helix angle exceeds a certain value (approximately 30°). With 7 blade counts and a helix angle of 38°, the underground turbine generator reaches a maximum power of 300 W with a load of 8 Ω. Through indoor testing, the power of the generator meets the requirements of underground tools. This research provides a reliable power source for underground intelligent drilling equipment.