针对线性阵列波束形成器功能单一、信噪比增益差的问题，通过Kronecker积原理将矩形阵列分解为两个虚拟线性子阵列进行分析，提出了一种基于矩形阵列的可控波束形成方法。首先将矩形阵列的转向向量分解为两个线性虚拟子阵列的转向向量的Kronecker乘积，然后利用波束形成滤波器和转向向量的正交性从几何角度设计第一个零点可控的差分虚拟子阵列，用常见的延迟求和（delay-sum beamformer, DS）和超指向性（superdirective beamformer, SD）波束形成器设计第二个虚拟子阵列，然后整合设计基于矩形阵列的高增益零点可控波束形成器和基于矩形阵列的高指向性零点可控波束形成器。最后通过仿真实验分析矩形阵列和两个虚拟线性子阵列的波束方向图、白噪声增益（white noise gain, WNG）和指向性因子（directivity factor, DF）。结果表明：所设计的全局波束形成器不仅可以实现零点可控，而且信噪比增益相比于单一虚拟子阵列有大幅提升。

To address the limitations of conventional linear array beamformers, such as their single functionality and poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain, a controllable beamforming method for rectangular arrays was proposed. The method was based on the Kronecker product principle, where a rectangular array was decomposed into two virtual linear sub-arrays for analysis. The steering vector of the rectangular array was represented as the Kronecker product of the steering vectors of the two virtual sub-arrays. A differential virtual sub-array with controllable nulls was then designed by utilizing the orthogonality between the beamforming filter and the steering vector. The second virtual sub-array was designed using a delay-sum beamformer (DS) and a superdirective beamformer (SD). The two virtual sub-arrays were then integrated to create a high-gain, null-controllable beamformer and a high-directivity, null-controllable beamformer based on a rectangular array. Simulation experiments analyzed the beam patterns, white noise gain (WNG), and directivity factor (DF) of the rectangular array and the two virtual linear sub-arrays. The results show that the proposed beamformer achieves controllable nulls and significantly improves the SNR gain compared to a single virtual sub-array. It is suggested that this approach be applied in scenarios where high-gain and high-directivity beamforming are required.