随着煤炭资源的大力整合与煤炭企业的兼并重组，整合后遗留的废弃矿山所产生的矿井水污染问题日趋严峻。准确掌握废弃煤矿矿井水水质演化成因机制，是目前矿井水保护和利用、地下水污染有效防控的重要前提，基于神东矿区项目工程实践，通过室内长期水煤浸泡试验，探究了Fe³⁺和Mn²⁺的浸溶行为及相关水质指标变化规律。研究结果表明：Fe³⁺的浓度呈“类波浪状”变化，两种煤样浸泡后均在第80天浓度达到最低值，而Mn²⁺的浓度经快速反应（第1天）后并保持相对稳定；通过离子比例系数法及Pearson相关系数法进一步分析其浓度变异成因，发现采空区矿井水可能因采矿活动影响，矿井水水质受硅酸盐岩和石膏的溶解作用强烈；采空区矿井水中主要发生的水岩相互作用有硅酸盐岩和蒸发盐岩的溶解及阳离子交替吸附作用。研究采空区矿井水中特征污染离子变化规律对中国废弃矿井水合理开发与利用具有重要的意义。

The problem of mine water pollution from abandoned mines after integration is becoming increasingly serious with the integration of coal resources and the merger and reorganisation of coal companies. An accurate understanding of the development mechanism of mine water quality in abandoned coal mines is an important prerequisite for the protection and use of mine water and the effective prevention and control of groundwater pollution. The leaching behaviour of Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ and the changes of related water quality indices were investigated by the long-term indoor water-coal immersion test based on the project practice of Shendong mining area. The results show that the solubility of Fe³⁺ is "wave-like", and the solubility of both samples reaches the lowest value at the 84th day after immersion, while the solubility of Mn²⁺ remains relatively stable after a rapid reaction (the first day). The causes of solubility variations were further analysed by ion ratio coefficient method and Pearson correlation coefficient method, and it was found that mine water in goaf may be affected by mining activities, and the water quality of mine water is strongly influenced by the dissolution of silicate rocks and gypsum. The main water-rock interactions in mine water in the goaf area include the dissolution of silicate rocks and evaporative rocks and the alternating adsorption of cations. For the rational development and utilisation of mine water in China, it is of great importance to study the characteristic pollutant ion change law of mine water in the goaf area.