针对高原森林灭火无人机路径规划问题，基于数字高程模型（digital elevation model, DEM）数据，采用栅格法构建三维地理空间模型；分析海拔高度、环境风、火场上空温度等对无人机性能的影响，以最短路径、最小能耗为目标函数，建立多约束条件下无人机路径规划模型；设计基于欧几里得距离和切比雪夫距离的加权距离改进的A^*算法进行模型求解。结果表明：与传统A^*算法相比，典型工况下，改进算法求解路径规划时间减少36.73%，获得更优的规划路径；海拔对路径总长度和总用时影响较小，主要影响无人机能耗，相对平原环境（630 m），高海拔环境（3 500 m）下无人机能耗增加48.00%；风速风向主要影响无人机能耗和路径总用时，海拔3 500 m和风速8 m/s时，相对于逆风，顺风下无人机能耗可节约64.74%，路程总用时减少41.01%；火场附近大气温度增加到40 ℃，对无人机路径和能耗影响较小。研究结果可为无人机应用于高原森林灭火路径规划提供理论依据。

In addressing the issue of path planning for UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) in plateau forest fire extinguishment, a three-dimensional geographic spatial model is constructed using a grid-based approach based on DEM (digital elevation model) data. The impacts of altitude, ambient wind, and fire temperature on UAV performance were analyzed. A UAV path planning model was established under multiple constraints, with the objective of finding the shortest path while minimizing energy consumption. An improved A^* algorithm, combining weighted Euclidean and Chebyshev distances, was developed for solving the model. Results indicate that, compared to the traditional A^* algorithm, the improved version reduces solution time by 36.73%, providing more optimal paths. Altitude has a minor impact on total path length and duration but significantly affects UAV energy consumption. In high-altitude environments (3 500 m) compared to plain environments (630 m), UAV energy consumption increases by 48.00%. Wind speed and direction primarily influence energy consumption and total duration. At 3 500 m altitude and 8 m/s wind speed, flying with the wind reduces energy consumption by 64.74% and shortens duration by 41.01% compared to flying against the wind. A rise in atmospheric temperature near the fire to 40 ℃ has minimal effect on UAV path planning and energy consumption. These findings provide a theoretical basis for applying UAVs in path planning for plateau forest fire extinguishment.