桥梁的位移响应是桥梁结构健康监测和安全状态评估的重要基础条件。为了充分利用机器视觉测量结构位移的优点，并提高其适用性，可以满足拍摄设备带有姿态角的情况下的结构位移拍摄的精度，提出了一种基于相机针孔模型的结构位移监测方法。利用稀疏光流对结构特征点进行追踪，得到亚像素级的图像位移，通过相机成像的光学几何关系，建立了现实世界位移和图像位移之间的解析解，将图像位移代入代数关系，进而得到结构真实位移。在室内开展简支模型桥动载位移识别试验中，与线性可变差动变压器位移计测量结果相比，当俯仰角在30°、偏航角在35°以内时，本文方法位移监测最大误差在6%以内，满足桥梁结构位移变形监测的应用需求。

The displacement response of a bridge is identified as a fundamental condition for the structural health monitoring and safety assessment of bridge structures. In order to fully leverage the advantages of machine vision for measuring structural displacements and to enhance its applicability, a structural displacement monitoring method based on the pinhole camera model was proposed. Sparse optical flow was employed to track structural feature points, achieving sub-pixel level image displacements. By employing the optical geometric relationships of camera imaging, an analytical solution was established between real-world displacements and image displacements. The image displacements were then substituted into algebraic relationships to obtain the true structural displacements. In the indoor experiments on dynamic load displacement identification of a simply supported bridge model, compared to the measurements obtained using a linear variable differential transformer displacement meter, the proposed method achieves a maximum error within 6% for pitch angles up to 30° and yaw angles up to 35°, thereby meeting the application requirements for monitoring the displacement deformations of bridge structures.