为研究紫外老化作用下沥青分子质量和分子结构组成变化及其对宏观性能作用机理，对4种常用沥青分别进行了凝胶渗透色谱和核磁共振试验，研究了分子质量、分子相对质量分布等分子质量组成变化和氢谱图、碳谱图、氢原子含量、分子结构参数等分子结构组成变化，并在宏观流变试验基础上，采用关联分析法对沥青流变性能进行了分子组成表征，分析了紫外老化宏观性能的分子作用机理。结果表明：紫外老化使沥青内部分子发生团聚现象，小分子不断减少并聚集成大分子，分子质量分布边界逐渐变窄。由氢原子和分子结构参数变化可知紫外老化后沥青中芳香环上烷基取代基增加，导致芳香环体积增大、稳定性增加，分子主链刚度增大，宏观层面则表现为沥青的弹性性能增加。通过宏观流变试验得出沥青紫外老化前后的相位角、车辙因子、不可恢复柔量和恢复率等流变性能指标，在采用关联法分析后发现缩合度参数、周边氢的取代率、平均分子质量和烷基链支化度对流变性能影响最大。

In order to study the molecular weight and molecular structure changes of asphalt under ultraviolet aging and the mechanism of their effects on macro properties, gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance tests were carried out on four commonly used asphalt, respectively. The molecular weight composition changes, such as molecular weight and molecular relative mass distribution, and the molecular structure composition changes, such as hydrogen spectrum, carbon spectrum, hydrogen atom content and molecular structure parameters were studied. On the basis of macroscopic rheological tests, the molecular composition of asphalt rheological properties was characterized by correlation analysis, and the molecular mechanism of ultraviolet aging macroscopic properties was analyzed. The results show that ultraviolet aging causes the agglomeration of molecules in asphalt, small molecules decreases and aggregates into large molecules, and the molecular weight distribution boundary narrows gradually. From the changes of hydrogen atoms and molecular structure parameters, it can be seen that the alkyl substituents on the aromatic ring in the asphalt increase after ultraviolet aging, resulting in the increase of the volume and stability of the aromatic ring, and the increase of molecular backbone stiffness. On the macro level, the elastic properties of asphalt increase. The phase angle, rutting factor, irrecoverable compliance and recovery rate of asphalt before and after ultraviolet aging were obtained by macroscopic rheological tests. The correlation analysis shows that the rheological properties are most affected by condensation degree parameters, substitution rate of peripheral hydrogen, average molecular weight and branched degree of alkyl chain.