随着机场航班流量的持续攀升，航班正点率成为社会各界广泛关注的焦点，而机场地勤特种车辆的高效调度在其中扮演着举足轻重的角色。鉴于机场独有的复杂环境和动态变化的航班需求，民航车辆调度面临着前所未有的挑战：动态航班信息的不确定性要求调度系统具备极高的灵活应变与实时响应能力；同时，面对多样化的地勤作业任务与特种车辆类型，如何实现这些车辆之间的精准协调与高效配置，成为亟待解决的问题。将全面分析总结近年发表的关于车辆调度的文献，针对公共交通中的车辆调度和机场特种车的调度，从调度模型构建以及算法优化两方面展开综述，并对其中存在的关键问题和未来发展趋势进行分析与展望。随着人工智能和大数据技术的快速发展，未来的机场地勤特种车辆调度将更趋向于智能化和自动化。

As airport flight traffic continues to rise, on-time performance has been identified as a focal point of widespread attention. The efficient scheduling of airport ground support vehicles has a crucial in this regard. Due to the unique and complex environment of airports and the dynamically changing flight demands, unprecedented challenges are faced in ground vehicle scheduling: the uncertainty of dynamic flight information necessitates that the scheduling system possesses a high degree of flexibility and real-time responsiveness. Additionally, given the diversity of ground support tasks and vehicle types, the achievement of precise coordination and efficient allocation of these vehicles has become a pressing issue. A comprehensive review of recent literature on vehicle scheduling was provided, with a focus on both public transportation and airport ground vehicle scheduling. The construction of scheduling models and optimization algorithms was explored, while key challenges were analyzed and future development trends in this field were discussed. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data technologies, the scheduling of airport ground support special vehicles in the future will increasingly trend towards intelligence and automation.