为深入研究林火时空分布规律，减少森林火灾对生态环境和人类活动的不利影响，利用中外8颗气象卫星资料，基于经典的上下文方法，建立了多源卫星火点判识关键参数和动态阈值。采用卫星监测缓冲区半径核查法，对多源卫星反演的林地热点进行真实性检验，并利用2021—2022年防火期真实林地热点数据进行林火时空特征分析，结果表明：卫星火点监测准确率为84.42%，火点分类准确性为89.90%，建立的反演方法合理可靠。湖南林火空间分布“西南多，东北少”，高发区主要分布于湘南，次高发区为湘西区域；秋防期林火风险远大于春防期。2022年极端高温干旱过程，林火主要分布在湘南地区、衡邵盆地；从过程分布看，林火分布可分为4个阶段，前3个阶段林火数量呈显著增加趋势，第3阶段森林火险风险最严重。第4阶段受降水和全省禁火令的双重影响，林地热点数目显著降低。

In order to deeply understand the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of forest fires and reduce the adverse effects of forest fires on the ecological environment and human activities, the key parameters and dynamics of multi-source satellite for fire point identification was established using data from 8 domestic and foreign meteorological satellites and based on the classic context method. The satellite monitoring buffer zone radius verification method was used to verify the authenticity of forest hot spots retrieved from multi-source satellites, and the real forest hot spot data during the fire prevention period in 2021—2022 were used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of forest fires. The results show as follows. The accuracy of satellite fire spot monitoring is 84.42%, and the fire point classification accuracy is 89.90%. The established inversion method is reasonable and reliable. The spatial distribution of forest fires in Hunan is "more in the southwest and less in the northeast". At the same time the high-incidence areas are mainly distributed in southern Hunan, and the second-highest-incidence area is western Hunan. In summary, the risk of forest fires during the autumn prevention period is much greater than that during the spring prevention period. During the extreme high temperature and drought in 2022, forest fires were mainly distributed in the southern Hunan region and the Hengshao Basin. From the perspective of process distribution, the distribution of forest fires can be divided into four stages. The number of forest fires in the first three stages showed a significant increase trend, and in the third stage, the number of forest fires increased significantly. Fire risk is the most serious. In the fourth stage, due to the dual impact of precipitation and the province's fire ban, the risk of forest hot spots was significantly reduced.