目前，用于地下电缆射频识别（radio frequency identification, RFID）探测定位的传统紧密型线圈天线的性能不足严重制约了其探测定位距离的提高。提出了一种新型高场强分散型RFID线圈天线结构，在推导天线相关电气参数的基础上，以天线的磁场强度为目标函数，以其品质因数固定为约束条件，采用粒子群算法对天线的匝数和相邻两匝之间的匝间距进行了优化。最后，搭建了实验测试平台，测试结果表明，与传统紧密型RFID线圈天线相比，所设计的分散型RFID线圈天线将读取距离提高了33.3%，同时明显增强了相同距离下的标签返回信号强度（received signal strength indication, RSSI），有助于提高基于RSSI的地下RFID定位方法的精度，这为地下电缆RFID探测定位的应用提供重要参考。

At present, the performance of the traditional centralized coil antenna used for radio frequency identification(RFID) detection and localization of underground cables is insufficient, which seriously restricts the improvement of its detection and localization distance. A new type of high field strength distributed RFID coil antenna structure was proposed. Based on the derivation of antenna related electrical parameters, the magnetic field strength of the coil antenna was taken as the objective function, and its quality factor was fixed as the constraint condition. Particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to optimize the number of turns of the coil antenna and the turn spacing between adjacent two turns. Finally, an experimental test platform was built. The test results show that compared with the traditional centralized RFID coil antenna, the distributed RFID coil antenna increases the reading distance by 33.3%, significantly enhances the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) at the same distance, and helps to improve the accuracy of the underground RFID localization method based on RSSI, which provides an important reference for the application of RFID detection and localization of underground cables.