路基变形是公路病害的主要原因之一，其在公路建设、管理、运营、养护过程中带来的隐患日益凸显。目前以遥感测绘、地球物理探测、多传感器为代表性的相关技术，在路基变形测试中发挥了重要作用。为研究道路工程领域动态和行业发展趋势，梳理近年来道路工程领域理论、方法、技术及装备研究现状，阐述了公路路基变形的主要形式及影响因素，分析了路基变形测试技术类型及其优缺点，进一步讨论了对全周期智慧监测体系的认识及其发展趋势。构建路基变形监测体系是感知路基状态、路基稳定性评估和灾害预警的主要途径。随着人工智能和先进测试技术的快速进步，路基变形测试技术呈现出动态化、透明化、智慧化等新特点。加强公路测试基础理论、技术与装备的研发，形成基于立体空间的多手段路基健康监测体系是未来道路安全运维的重要发展方向。

Subgrade deformation is one of the main causes of highway disease, and its hidden dangers in the process of highway construction, management, operation and maintenance are increasingly prominent. At present, the relevant technologies represented by remote sensing mapping, geophysical exploration and multi-sensor have played an important role in subgrade deformation testing. In order to study the dynamics and development trend of road engineering field, and sort out the research status of theory, method, technology and equipment in road engineering field in recent years, the main forms and influencing factors of roadbed deformation were expounded, the types of roadbed deformation testing technology and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed, and the understanding and development trend of the whole cycle intelligent monitoring system was further discussed. The construction of subgrade deformation monitoring system was the main way to perceive the state of subgrade, evaluate the stability of subgrade and forewarn the disaster. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and advanced testing technology, the testing technology of subgrade deformation presented new characteristics such as dynamic, transparent and intelligent. It is an important development direction of road safety operation and maintenance in the future to strengthen the research and development of test theory, technology and equipment and form a multi-means subgrade health monitoring system based on three-dimensional space.