岩溶地区隧道建设频遇突涌水灾害，裂隙型突涌水勘察与预测难度极大、致灾风险高。为揭示裂隙型岩溶突涌水机理与明确前兆信息，基于流-固-损伤耦合模型对裂隙型岩溶突涌水致灾机理与临界条件展开研究。通过公式推演与多场耦合数值分析得到以下结论：建立了完整的流-固-损伤耦合裂隙型岩溶突涌水致灾机理数学模型，并论证其可行性与合理性；分析了不同溶腔水压工况下，隧道拱顶围岩位移演化规律。结果表明，裂隙型岩溶突涌水与富水溶腔水压高度相关；分析了临界突水条件下围岩特性，提出了缓慢增长段-快速增长段-位移失控段的三阶段裂隙型岩溶突涌水围岩位移演化规律。

Tunnel projects within Karst landscapes are frequently plagued by the unpredictable occurrence of water inrush disasters. Detecting and predicting the emergence of fissure-type water inrushes pose substantial difficulties and convey a high disaster risk. In order to shed light on the mechanisms behind fissure-type Karst water inrushes and delineate potential early warning indicators, grounded in the "fluid-solid-damage" coupling model, both the causative mechanisms and threshold conditions that precipitate fissure-type Karst water inrushes were investigated. By rigorously deriving formulas and conducting comprehensive multi-field coupled numerical analyses, key conclusions are reached as follow. A robust "fluid-solid-damage" coupled mathematical model has been effectively formulated. This model provides a detailed illustration of the disaster mechanisms associated with fissure-type Karst water inrushes, and its feasibility and rationality have been empirically confirmed. The displacement evolution of tunnel vault surrounding rock under different pressure conditions is analyzed which demonstrates a strong correlation between fissure-type Karst water inrushes and increased water pressure within the water-rich solution cavities. Upon assessing the characteristics of the surrounding rock under critical water inrush conditions, a triphasic evolution model characterized by "slow growth-rapid growth-displacement runaway" phases specifically for fissure-type Karst water inrush events has been postulated.