根系是植物获取水分的主要器官，它直接影响整个植株的输水量以及生命活动。在水资源短缺的状况下，了解根系生长过程中的需水特性并提高农业中水资源的利用率，一直是节水灌溉技术中研究创新的热点。因此，在研究过程中需要对植物根系的吸水量进行精确估算，建立根系吸水模型是定量化研究植物根系吸水特性的重要方法。概述根系吸水的原理及其主要影响因素，对不同研究方法下的根系吸水模型进行分类研究，并阐述其适用范围及优缺点，同时介绍了水盐共同胁迫下的根系吸水模型。最后对目前的根系吸水模型进行分析，提出了今后的研究方向。研究成果为构建水稻根系三维动态吸水模型提供了基础。

Root system is the main organ for plants to obtain water, which directly affects the water transfer and life activities of the whole plant. Under the condition of water shortage, it has always been a hot topic in the research and innovation of water-saving irrigation technology to understand the water demand characteristics in the process of root growth and improve the utilization rate of agricultural water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately estimate the water absorption capacity of plant roots in the research process, and the establishment of a water absorption model is an important method to quantitatively study the water absorption characteristics of plant roots. The principle of root water absorption and its main influencing factors were summarized, the root water absorption models were classified under different research methods, and their applicable scope, advantages and disadvantages were expounded, and the root water absorption models were introduced under the combined stress of water and salt. Finally, the current root water absorption model was analyzed, and the future research direction was proposed. The research results provid the basis for building a three-dimensional dynamic water absorption model of rice roots.