水锁效应是油气井生产的主要影响因素，尤其是对于低渗透储层影响更为显著。目前国内外学者在水锁损害机理、影响因素、解除方法、评价方法等方面做了大量研究，取得了较大进展。但是对于解水锁剂很少有系统性的归纳总结。因此，对现有的解水锁剂进行调研，通过了解各类解水锁剂的配方、性能评价方法和所取得的效果对后续解水锁剂的研究制备具有指导意义，在系统总结水锁的伤害机理和解水锁剂的作用机理的基础上，重点介绍了以改变润湿性、降低界面张力和恢复储层渗流能力为目标解除水锁伤害的酸液体系、表面活性剂体系和纳米体系，并对解水锁剂的评价方法进行总结归纳，提出了未来解水锁剂的发展趋势和研究重点。

The hydrolock effect is a major influence on the production of oil and gas wells, and it is especially significant for low-permeability reservoirs. At present, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on hydrolock damage mechanism, influencing factors, lifting methods, evaluation methods and other aspects, and have made great progress. However, there are few systematic summarization of the anti-hydrolocking agents, so it is instructive to investigate the existing anti-hydrolocking agents to understand the formulations of various anti-hydrolocking agents, the performance evaluation methods and the effects achieved on the subsequent research and preparation of anti-hydrolocking agents. The mechanism of hydrolock damage and the anti-hydrolocking agents were systematically summarized, and the current status of research on the effect of acid systems, surfactants and nanosystems in relieving hydrolock damage with the objectives of changing wettability, reducing interfacial tension and restoring reservoir percolation capacity was highlighted, and the evaluation methods of the developed anti-hydrolocking agents were systematically summarized. The development trend and focus of developing anti-hydrolocking agents were foreseen.