针对电梯部件之间的故障影响，提出将决策试验与评价实验室法和解释结构模型结合建立电梯部件故障层次结构模型，并改进直接影响矩阵的确定方式。首先从多方面获取电梯部件故障关联评价，其次使用熵权法确定评价的权重并计算直接影响矩阵，最后使用建立的电梯部件故障相关模型得到电梯部件故障因果关系和故障传递规则。结果表明：电动机、制动器、限速器为强原因部件，曳引钢丝绳、轿厢以及导向系统的部件为强结果部件；电梯部件故障关联规则体现为同层级或跨层级传递。通过分析部件故障机理，所提方法得到的部件故障传递规则与电梯系统实际运行情况相符。

Regarding the impacts of failures among elevator components, a combination model based on decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and interpretation structural model (ISM) was proposed to establish the hierarchical model for elevator component failure. The method of determining the direct impact matrix was enhanced. Firstly, the evaluation of the elevator-component fault correlation was obtained from various aspects. Secondly, the entropy weight method (EWM) was used to determine the weight of the evaluation and calculate the direct impact matrix. Finally, the elevator-component failure correlation model was utilized to derive the elevator-component failure causality and failure transmission rules. The results show that the motor, brake and speed limiter are strong-cause components, while the traction rope, car and guidance system components are strong-effect components. The elevator-component failure correlation rules manifest as either same-level or cross-level transmission. Through an analysis of component failure mechanisms, the fault transfer rules obtained through the proposed method align with the actual operation of the elevator system.