橡胶坝的挡水性能优越，兼具实用性与景观性，被广泛用在城市河流挡水闸坝和溢流坝等领域。充气式橡胶坝相比充水橡胶坝，安装和拆卸更为方便，但目前充气式橡胶坝采用查表法进行粗略设计，过程复杂且存在误差。鉴于此，设计大比尺模型试验测试充气式橡胶坝在充气、挡水条件下的坝袋截面形状和袋体张拉力分布特点。基于有限差分软件建立充气式橡胶坝的力学模型，通过大比尺模型试验和现行设计规范验证了该模型的准确性。分析充气式橡胶坝在挡水过程中横截面几何形状及尺寸、张拉力与上游水位及内部气压之间的关系。结果表明：坝袋宽度B、接地宽度b随上游水位增大呈非线性增加；坝袋高度H、横截面面积A随上游水位增大呈非线性减小。设计工况下，坝袋高度H、横截面面积A随气压增加呈非线性增大，坝袋宽度B、接地宽度b随气压增大呈非线性减小；坝袋张拉力与气压呈正比关系。基于Chapman-Richard曲线模型对设计工况下的几何尺寸、张拉力与内部气压间的关系进行拟合，提出橡胶坝简化设计计算公式，可用于充气式橡胶坝的设计计算。

The rubber dam has superior water retaining ability, practicability, and a good landscape, which is widely used as urban river water retaining dam and weir. The air-inflated rubber dam is more convenient to install and dismantle than the water-inflated rubber dam. However, at present, the air-inflated rubber dam is roughly designed by the look-up table method, which is complicated and has errors. In view of this, a large scale model test was conducted to test the sectional shape and the tension of the air-inflated rubber dam under the conditions of inflation and water retaining. And a finite-difference model for the water-retaining ability of an air-inflated rubber dam was established, which was confirmed by large-scale model tests and existing design specifications. The relationship between the cross-section shapes and sizes, the tensions and the upstream water levels, and the internal air pressure of the rubber dam during the water retaining process was analyzed. The results show that the width B and contact width b nonlinearly increase with the increase of the upstream water levels, whereas the height H and cross-sectional area A decrease nonlinearly. Under the design conditions, the height H and cross-sectional area A nonlinearly increase with the increase of internal air pressure, whereas the width B and contact width b decrease nonlinearly. The tension T is proportional to the internal air pressure. Based on the Chapman-Richard model, the geometric dimensions, tensions and internal air pressure are fitted under the design conditions, and the simplified design calculation formulas are obtained, which can be used for the design of the air-inflated rubber dam project.