为科学梳理出军民机适航管理的差异性，提高军民机适航安全性，创新性地应用系统工程理论中的输入-流程-输出（input-process-output, IPO）模型，将适航管理作为系统工程的一个管理流程，建立基于系统工程理论的适航管理流程IPO模型。利用适航管理流程IPO模型的输入、输出、使能项、控制项、活动5个要素分别开展军民机适航管理差异性分析。军民机适航管理相同点在于两者都是以保障航空发动机的安全性为目标的一种全方位、全过程的过程控制管理。不同点在于安全性目标、管理机构、依据标准/法规体系、标准/法规的可裁剪性、派驻和分工方式、监管方式等方面的管理程度、强制程度不同。分析了军机适航管理和民机适航管理存在的具体区别，并为后续军民机适航管理的发展提供参考意见。

In order to scientifically sort out the differences in airworthiness management of military and civilian aircraft and improve the airworthiness safety of military and civilian aircraft, the input-process-output (IPO) model in system engineering theory was innovatively applied, and airworthiness management was regarded as a management process in system engineering. A airworthiness management process IPO model based on system engineering theory was established. A differential analysis of military and civilian aircraft airworthiness management was conducted using the five elements of input, output, enable, control, and activity in the airworthiness management process IPO model. The similarity between military and civilian aircraft airworthiness management lies in the fact that both are comprehensive and full process control management aimed at ensuring the safety of aircraft engines. The differences lie in the level of management and enforcement in terms of security objectives, management institutions, standards/regulatory systems, tailorability of standards/regulations, deployment and division of labor, and regulatory methods. The specific differences between military aircraft airworthiness management and civil aircraft airworthiness management were analyzed, which provides reference opinions for the subsequent development of military and civil aircraft airworthiness management.