为了探索五边飞行不同阶段飞行员脑力负荷水平，寻找表征脑力负荷的心电指标，对飞行学员展开五边飞行任务的六自由度模拟飞行实验，测量飞行过程中的脑力负荷水平，采集不同飞行阶段飞行员心电各指标数据，利用因子分析构建飞行员脑力负荷模型，分析和验证不同飞行阶段飞行员脑力负荷的变化特征。结果表明：相比心率指标，心率变异性指标在测量飞行员脑力负荷时具有更高的信度和效度；起飞和上升阶段的脑力负荷处于较低水平并呈下降趋势；巡航阶段的脑力负荷水平较低且变化趋势平滑；进近着陆阶段的脑力负荷水平最高。此外，突发事件会显著影响脑力负荷，引起飞行员脑力负荷的显著增加。

In order to explore the mental workload levels of pilots at different stages of airfield traffic pattern, search for electrocardiogram indicators that represent mental workload, a six degree of freedom simulation flight experiment on pentagonal flight tasks for pilots was conducted, the mental workload levels during the flight process was measured, data on various electrocardiogram (ECG) indicators of pilots at different flight stages was collected, and factor analysis was used to construct a pilot mental load model to analyze and verify the characteristics of changes in the mental workload of pilots at different flight stages. The results indicate that compared to heart rate indicators, heart rate variability indicators have higher reliability and validity in measuring pilot mental workload. The mental workload during takeoff and ascent stages is at a relatively low level and shows a decreasing trend. The cognitive load level during the cruise phase is low and the trend of change is smooth. The mental workload level during the approach and landing phase is the highest. In addition, unexpected events can significantly affect the mental workload, causing a significant increase in the pilot's mental load.