轨道交通系统在现代交通体系中扮演着举足轻重的角色，随着交通系统用能清洁化、绿色化的发展需求，轨道交通车辆动力系统逐步呈现类型多样化、用能绿色化的技术发展趋势。首先系统回顾了轨道车辆牵引动力系统的发展历史，调研并分析了源于国家能源安全、交通能源结构绿色化转型与新能源技术融合发展的车辆动力系统技术现状与发展趋势。基于国家“30·60”双碳目标，对中国轨道交通车辆动力系统新能源发展方向开展了SWOT分析，在结果对比的基础上给出了中国轨道车辆动力系统与新能源融合发展的参考路径，并从低碳清洁供给、储能现代化、节能三方面具体提出了未来轨道车辆新能源动力系统的发展趋势，为相关技术研究与政策制定提供支持。

Rail transit system plays a pivotal role in the contemporary transportation landscape. In response to the increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy within the transportation sector, the power systems of rail transit vehicles are undergoing a notable evolution characterized by the diversification of types and a commitment to environmentally friendly energy sources. This article systematically examines the historical development of traction power systems for rail vehicles. the current state and future trends in vehicle power system technology, aligning with national energy security imperatives, the green transformation of the transportation energy landscape, and the integration of emerging energy technologies were investigated and analyzed. Against the backdrop of China's national "30·60" dual-carbon target, a SWOT analysis was conductd to evaluate the new energy development direction for China's rail vehicle power systems. By comparing the results, a reference path is delineated for the integration and advancement of China's rail vehicle power systems and new energy. Three key aspects are addressed in a specific proposal, encompassing low-carbon and clean energy supply, modernization, and energy efficiency. To guide relevant technical research and policy formulation, the article outlines the future development trends of rail vehicle power systems in three main dimensions: low-carbon and clean energy supply, energy storage, and modernization with a focus on energy conservation. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute valuable insights and support for future endeavors in the realm of rail transit power system technology and sustainable energy policies.