依托洛阳市周山大道下穿开元大道项目，对卵石地层偏压深基坑支护结构力学特性及影响因素进行研究。采用MI-DAS GTS NX建立二维有限元模型，对比不同条件下支护结构侧向位移、弯矩和轴力，探讨深基坑旁偏压荷载位置、大小、分布宽度及基坑开挖深度对基坑支护体系变形的作用，得出桩身随条件变化方程式及相关系数。结果表明：当堆载达到60 kPa，左侧桩体位移变幅为56.80%，右侧桩体位移小于左侧且向远离基坑方向移动，坑边荷载≥105 kPa时桩体变形将达到本项目规定预警值；堆载与坑边距离的大小和围护桩侧移量呈极高相关，基坑至堆载距离大于1.5倍设计开挖深度时，支护结构受力变形趋于稳定；基坑开挖深度达到1.8倍设计开挖深度时，基坑灌注桩受到荷载分布宽度影响几近于零。工程实测值与模拟计算值对比分析，验证了本文方法的准确性，可为偏压深基坑工程提供借鉴。

Relying on the project of Zhoushan Avenue undercrossing Kaiyuan Avenue in Luoyang City, the mechanical characteristics and influencing factors of the retaining structure of deep foundation pit under eccentric pressure in pebble stratum are studied. MIDAS GTS NX was used to establish a two-dimensional finite element model, and the lateral displacement, bending moment and axial force of the supporting structure under different conditions were compared. The effects of the position, size, distribution width, and excavation depth h of the deep foundation pit side eccentric load on the deformation of the foundation pit supporting system were discussed. The equation and related coefficients of the pile shaft changing with the conditions were also obtained. The results show that when the surcharge reaches 60 kPa, the displacement of the left pile changes 56.80%, the displacement of the right pile is smaller than the left pile and moves away from the foundation pit, and the pile deformation will reach the early warning value specified in this project when the pit side load is greater than or equal to 105 kPa. The surcharge is highly related to the distance from the pit edge and the lateral displacement of the retaining pile. When the distance from the pit to the surcharge is greater than 1.5 times the design excavation depth, the stress deformation of the retaining structure tends to be stable. When the excavation depth of foundation pit reaches 1.8 times of the design excavation depth, the influence of load distribution width on the cast-in-place pile of foundation pit is almost zero. The comparison and analysis between the measured value and the simulated value verify the accuracy of the method in this paper, which can provide a reference for the eccentric deep foundation pit project.