针对道路路基脱空病害的快速识别，采用时间域有限差分法进行病害的雷达波长数值模拟，模拟了脱空病害不同大小、长度、位置及填充的差异，并通过图像增益和复信号分析技术提取雷达波场的振幅、相位和频率等瞬时属性特征，分析了不同脱空地质的雷达波场响应特征。研究结果表明：根据路基脱空病害的地质雷达瞬时振幅图像和单道波归一化幅值可推算出脱空病害上界面信息和脱空区域介质类型；根据充气脱空病害和充水脱空病害瞬时相位图像特征，可判断出路基结构层间信息和脱空病害区域和边界位置；根据充水脱空病害和充气脱空病害瞬时频率图像，可判断出高频和低频电磁波存在位置。此外，根据充水脱空病害单道波瞬时频率图，可得到正向电磁波存在位置，并作为脱空病害下界面位置判断依据。研究成果可为道路病害的智能识别和快速判识提供理论依据。

In order to identify subgrade void disease quickly, the time domain finite difference method was used to numerically simulate the radar wavelength of the void disease's differences in size, length, location, and fill. Additionally, image enhancement techniques and complex signal analysis methods were applied to extract the instantaneous attributes of the radar wave field, such as amplitude, phase, and frequency. The radar wave field response characteristics of different debonding geologies were analyzed. The results show that the information concerning the upper interface of the subgrade void disease and the medium type of the void area can be calculated from the instantaneous amplitude images of the geological radar for subgrade void disease and single-channel wave normalized amplitudes. According to the instantaneous phase image characteristics of air-filled and water-filled void disease, the interlayer information of roadbed structure and the location and boundary of void disease area can be judged. According to the instantaneous frequency images of water-filled void disease and air-filled void disease, the positions of the high-frequency and low-frequency electromagnetic waves can be judged. In addition, according to the transient frequency images of single-channel waves of water-filled void disease, the location of forward electromagnetic waves can be obtained and used as the basis for judging the locations of the lower interface of void disease. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the intelligent identification and rapid diagnosis of road diseases.