Significant advantages in construction organization and long-distance air supply are provided by forced ventilation systems. Forced ventilation is commonly used in the blind heading excavation of high-altitude tunnels. An atmospheric parameter correction model and gas-solid two-phase flow theory were introduced. The dust transport mechanism was explored. The ventilation and dust removal system was optimized. Flow field analysis was conducted using CFD software. The impacts of altitude, forced distance, and wind velocity on dust concentration and spatio-temporal evolution were analyzed through numerical simulation. The fundamental mechanism of high-altitude dust retention is determined by the attenuation of air density and the decrease of dynamic viscosity. The optimal ventilation and dust removal effect is achieved when a forced distance of 18 m and a wind velocity of 19 m/s are adopted. The dust impact is minimized by this dual-parameter synergistic regulation. Dust in the core working zone is cleared thoroughly. The kinetic energy loss of the jet along its path is effectively compensated. Effective guidance is provided for the layout of forced ventilation systems in high-altitude excavation tunnels. The construction environment in alpine and high-altitude enclosed spaces is significantly improved.