Addressing the unique coal-water occurrence characteristics of "water scarcity at the surface, water abundance underground, and coal beneath water" along with the fragile ecology in the Xinjie Taigemiao mining area, this study systematically investigates the vertical zoning patterns of hydrochemical properties and water richness in the roof aquifers. Based on these findings, targeted strategies for source-specific water hazard control and water-preserving mining are proposed. Results indicate a distinct vertical evolution of groundwater from "fresh water–saline water–brine." The shallow Quaternary and Cretaceous aquifers constitute a low-mineralization, active freshwater system, serving as a critical water source for regional ecology. In contrast, the deep Jurassic aquifers form a high-mineralization, stagnant saline system with strong internal hydraulic connectivity. The Anding Formation mudstone effectively isolates the upper and lower hydraulic systems. Regarding water richness, the thick Cretaceous aquifer exhibits weak-to-moderate water abundance; its breach would cause a surge in mine water inflow. Conversely, the Jurassic aquifers show weak-to-extremely-weak water abundance but possess high water pressure. Accordingly, a source-specific control strategy is developed: for the Jurassic direct water-filling aquifers, a combined approach of "exploration drainage + mining-induced drawdown" is adopted, leveraging rock self-healing to reduce long-term drainage costs; for the Cretaceous ecological aquifers, a protection scheme involving "setting waterproof coal pillars + interlayer grouting" is implemented, supplemented by thickness-limited or backfill mining. This ensures the water-conducting fracture zone does not penetrate the aquiclude and minimizes leakage recharge caused by mining-induced damage. These findings provide valuable references for water hazard prevention and water resource protection in the Xinjie Taigemiao mining area.