As the development of high-salinity oil and gas reservoirs in China enters the middle and late stages, reservoir energy gradually declines. Reservoir conditions and fluid flow characteristics change significantly during production. Formation water is more likely to become supersaturated. Salt crystals are then precipitated. Flow pathways in the wellbore, near-wellbore region, and reservoir are blocked. Production performance is therefore severely affected. Recent advances in salt deposition mechanisms, salt removal and prevention technologies, and salt inhibitor development are reviewed. The characteristics of physical methods, chemical methods, and integrated wellbore–reservoir control technologies are summarized. The mechanisms and application performance of inorganic, organic, and composite salt inhibitors are analyzed. The entire process of brine supersaturation, crystal nucleation, crystal growth, transport, and deposition is still not fully understood under complex temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. The compatibility, stability, and long-term effectiveness of salt inhibitors remain insufficient under high-temperature, high-salinity, and mixed-salt conditions. Effective coordination between field monitoring and control measures is also lacking. A full-process prediction model should be established for salt nucleation, crystal growth, deposition, and formation damage. Environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and multifunctional inhibitors should be developed for complex salt systems. Real-time downhole monitoring should be integrated with intelligent prediction and precise chemical dosing. An integrated reservoir–wellbore control system should be established. The control of salt deposition can thus be shifted toward early warning and precise regulation.