Improper parameter settings in multi-seam coal mining can easily trigger dynamic disasters such as rockbursts. Plastic zones and stress fields are commonly calculated by traditional elastoplastic finite element simulations. However, inherent limitations exist in the explicit characterization of structural fracturing and its propagation direction. In this study, the unbalanced force vector was introduced as a physical indicator for characterizing coal-rock structural failure. The reliability of this index in identifying and locating structural fracturing was validated through comparative analysis between laboratory uniaxial compression tests and numerical simulations. Using the Huafeng Coal Mine as an engineering background, a multi-dimensional evaluation system—integrating unbalanced forces, stress gradients, and plastic zones—was constructed to assess mining risks under various scenarios. The results show that: (1) Regarding mining sequence, prior mining of Nos. 1 and 6 coal seams as the upper and lower protective seams can effectively release spatial stress and reduce the rock burst risk in the No. 4 coal seam; (2) Regarding dip angle effects, mining the No. 4 coal seam at an angle exceeding 33° results in a plastic zone distributed along the coal pillar and significant unbalanced forces, leading to a higher level of risk; (3) Regarding coal pillar dimensions, a pillar width of 4 m in the No. 11 coal seam generates pronounced unbalanced forces and extensive plastic zones, which easily induce pillar instability. This method compensates for the inadequacies of conventional plastic zone evaluation indices and provides a scientific basis for rockburst prevention design in deep, complex multi-seam mining operations.