With the development of electroplating technology, the treatment of chromium-containing electroplating wastewater faces a severe situation and has garnered widespread attention. Excessive emissions of chromium can lead to ecological and environmental issues as well as public health risks, making the efficient separation and recovery of chromium from electroplating wastewater of great significance. This article analyzes the sources of chromium-containing electroplating wastewater and the hydrochemical characteristics of chromium. Starting from three major methods: chemical methods (precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, photocatalytic reduction), physical methods (membrane separation, electroflocculation), and biological methods (microorganisms, plants, agricultural waste), the article provides a detailed analysis of the principles, advantages and disadvantages, scope of application, and latest research progress of each technology. In combination with the current research status, it also looks forward to the development direction of chromium separation and recovery technology in the future, aiming to provide a reference for the efficient treatment and resource utilization of chromium in electroplating wastewater.