In order to study the changes and patterns of the micro-fracture structure of coal rock.This paper uses the nanoVoxel-3000 X CT scanner and the TAW-2000 triaxial compression fracture instrument to conduct in-situ CT scanning experiments on coal rock under triaxial compression, in order to obtain real-time CT data under different confining pressures. Combined with the Avizo 3D visualization software, the evolution law of the pore-fracture distribution characteristics of coal rock with confining pressure is extracted.The research shows that during the triaxial compression of coal rock, there are staged fracture changes. The changes of coal rock are jointly affected by confining pressure and adjacent fractures, resulting in both the development of existing fractures and the occurrence of compaction inside the coal rock. Meanwhile, the shape and arrangement direction of the minerals developed inside the coal rock will guide the development of secondary fractures. After fracturing, the total volume of pores and fractures increases by 4.7 times compared to the initial state, and the proportion of large-pore volume rises to 66.55%. Based on the three-dimensional pore network model, after fracturing, the number of throats, throat length, and total throat volume of coal rock increase significantly, by 1.9 times, 0.2 times, and 0.7 times respectively. The distribution of coordination numbers indicates that isolated pores disappear at 1140N, and the pore connectivity of coal rock is significantly improved. During the loading process, the seepage performance of coal rock improves, with the permeability increasing by an average of 3 times. At the same time, due to the influence of the fracture development direction, the horizontal permeability is better than the vertical permeability. The fractures in coal rock serve as the main channels for fluid flow, and the evolution laws of their pore-throat structure and connectivity have an important impact on the permeability of coal rock.Study provides a feasible experimental technical means for explaining the dynamic evolution of the microstructure and permeability changes of coal rock.