[Abstract] Wudong Caol Mine Area serves as a significant coal production base in the western region of China. Nevertheless, high-fluoride (high-F-) mine water had restricted the resources recycling and posed a risk to the drinking groundwater safety. 29 groundwater samples were collected from the Wudong Coal Mine in Xinjiang, China to investigate the distribution, geochemical behavior, and formation mechanisms of fluoride. Fluoride concentrations ranged between 0.30 and 1.35 mg/L, yielding an average of 0.83 mg/L. Notably, 12.90% of the samples surpassed the China's national drinking water standard (GB 5749-2022). High-F? mine water was mainly distributed at a depth of 400 - 500 m, which was mainly related to the dissolution of diorite, competitive adsorption, cation exchange, and evaporation, with contribution rates of 53.4%, 20.0%, 19.8%, and 6.2% respectively. The research will contribute to safeguard the water environment and guarantee the safety of drinking water for local residents.