基于掩码引导特征调节的三维超声孔洞填充方法
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首都医科大学生物医学工程学院

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TP391.4

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北京市自然科学基金(1S24093, L241029);首都卫生发展科研专项(2024-2-2076) ;国家自然科学基金(61827809)


Mask-Guided Feature Modulation Method for Hole Filling in 3D Ultrasound
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School of Biomedical Engineering,Capital Medical University

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    摘要:

    Freehand三维超声因其灵活性和无辐射优势,在术中成像与导航中具有重要应用价值。然而,受操作者的影响,二维切片在空间中的分布往往不连续,容易在三维重建过程中形成分布不均匀的体素孔洞,导致重建结果结构不完整和表面连续性下降,从而影响可视化质量。针对上述问题,本文面向freehand三维超声重建流程,提出一种基于二维切片逐层修复的三维超声孔洞填充方法,将体素级缺失问题转化为像素级修复任务,从而避免三维修复网络训练成本高和高质量数据难以获取困难的问题。在方法设计上,本文在U型修复网络框架中引入软掩码批归一化(Soft Masked Batch Normalization, Soft-MBN),在特征统计阶段通过掩码引导的软融合机制平衡局部有效区域统计与全局统计减少无效区域对特征归一化的干扰;另外,在跳跃连接中设计基于掩码的门控注意力机制(Mask-guided Gated Attention, MGGA),依据掩码有效性对编码特征进行空间加权与门控,抑制无效区域特征对解码阶段的影响。实验结果表明,在30%与50%不同孔洞覆盖率条件下,所提出的方法在峰值信噪比(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio PSNR)、结构相似性指数(Structure Similarity Index Measure, SSIM)与均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)等指标上均优于对比方法,其中在50%高缺失比例条件下,PSNR和SSIM分别提升3.719 dB和0.064。进一步的三维重建可视化显示,该方法能够有效改善freehand三维超声图像中骨表面的连续性,减少由体素缺失导致的骨界面中断问题。研究结果表明,所提出的方法在超声孔洞填充与三维重建质量提升方面具有良好的应用潜力。

    Abstract:

    Freehand three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound is widely used in intraoperative imaging and navigation because of its flexibility and non-ionizing nature. However, operator-dependent scanning often results in discontinuous spatial distributions of two-dimensional (2D) slices. This discontinuity produces unevenly distributed voxel holes during 3D reconstruction. Consequently, structural incompleteness and degraded surface continuity occur, which reduce visualization quality. To address this problem, a slice-wise 3D ultrasound hole filling method is proposed within the freehand reconstruction framework. In this method, voxel-level missing data were transformed into a pixel-level restoration task. This strategy avoided the high training cost of 3D restoration networks and the difficulty of acquiring high-quality 3D training data. A U-shaped restoration network was adopted, and Soft Masked Batch Normalization (Soft-MBN) was introduced. Soft-MBN balanced local valid-region statistics and global statistics through a mask-guided soft fusion mechanism, thereby reducing the influence of invalid regions during feature normalization. In addition, a Mask-guided Gated Attention (MGGA) mechanism was designed for skip connections. Encoder features were spatially weighted and gated according to mask validity, which suppressed the impact of invalid-region features on the decoding stage. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms comparative approaches in terms of PSNR, SSIM, and RMSE under hole coverage ratios of 30% and 50%. Under the 50% high missing-rate condition, PSNR and SSIM are improved by approximately 3.7 dB and 0.064, respectively. Furthermore, 3D reconstruction visualizations show that bone surface continuity is effectively improved, and bone interface discontinuities caused by voxel-level missing data are alleviated. These results indicate that the proposed method has strong potential for ultrasound hole filling and for improving 3D reconstruction quality.

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崔尚起,张梓涵,黄菊英,等. 基于掩码引导特征调节的三维超声孔洞填充方法[J]. 科学技术与工程, , ():

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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-28
  • 最后修改日期:2026-05-07
  • 录用日期:2026-05-15
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