An integrated braking device for electric wheelchairs was designed in response to the safety issues of the braking device for electric wheelchairs, the deceleration device of conventional wheelchair braking devices was eliminated, and the response speed, braking accuracy, and service life of the braking device were thereby enhanced. Based on the structure of the electric wheelchair, the mechanical model of the wheel during the walking process was analyzed, the force model between the wheel and the ground and the braking force model were established, and the main force parameters and swing angles of the wheel during the walking process were clarified. An electronic brake controller for electric wheelchairs was designed. This controller primarily comprised a PI speed outer loop (the reference speed during brake control) and a PI current inner loop, ultimately giving the control signal of the three-phase inverter to control brake torque by the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm, which could achieve smooth adjustment of the electric wheelchair's speed. Comparative experiments were conducted on the braking performance of electric wheelchairs with electronic brake and electromagnetic brake respectivly. By comparing the relationship between initial speed and braking distance of the two kinds of electric wheelchairs under three working conditions: flat road, 3° slope road, and 6° slope road, it could be observed that the braking distance of the electric wheelchair with electronic brakes was shorter than that of the electric wheelchair with electromagnetic brakes. Furthermore, brake tests were also performed with load levels of 100kg and 70kg on both cement and asphalt pavement, which demonstrated that the motor current of the electric wheelchair with electronic brakes was lower and the stability was stronger. To sum up, electric wheelchairs with electronic braking systems possess notable technical advantages during the braking process.