To investigate the application potential of soybean-urease induced calcium carbonate precipitation (SICP) in riverbank ecological protection, laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the hydraulic properties, mechanical behavior, and plant growth effects of SICP-stabilized sand, which are closely related to slope ecological protection. Combined with microscopic analyses, the underlying mechanisms were further elucidated. The results show that the hydraulic, mechanical characteristics and plant growth effects of solidified sand are related to the cementation concentration and curing time of SICP. Under optimal conditions (1 mol/L, 28 d), the compressive strength of the sand sample can reach 587.7 kPa, with improvements in strength and stiffness as well. As the cementation concentration and curing time increase, the resistance to disintegration, seepage, and erosion is significantly enhanced, and the permeability coefficient decreases to 1.62 × 10-3 cm/s, with no obvious erosion failure observed under rainfall scouring or water immersion. When the cementation concentration is less than or equal to 0.2 mol/L, plant seeds can germinate and grow normally with good vitality. The CaCO3 induced by SICP improves the internal structure of sand through attachment, cementation, and pore filling, and forms a stabilized layer on the slope surface. This not only enhances the strength and stability of the surface layer but also effectively resists rainfall erosion and runoff-induced damage. Overall, the results reveal the performance and mechanisms of SICP-stabilized sand from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives, providing support for its application in riverbank ecological protection.