Aiming at the influence of generation-load uncertainties on the capacity configuration of the photovoltaic storage system, a multi-objective optimization method considering uncertainties in meteorological parameters, building disturbance factors, personnel density, and air-conditioning system is proposed,constructing a multi-objective optimization model of the rural residential photovoltaic storage system with the objectives of minimizing the annual operating cost of the system and maximizing the self-consumption rate SCR and the self-supply rate SSR, and the modified adaptive weighted particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem. The results show that: the relative deviations of the maximum and minimum values of the average and peak loads of the building are 41.08% and 71.65%, respectively, and the relative deviations of the maximum and minimum values of the peak power, average power, and annual power generation of PV are 3.55%, 23.65%, and 23.91%, respectively; The optimal combination of photovoltaic and battery capacity can be found using multi-objective optimization methods; By adopting the SCR and SSR with the highest frequency of occurrence within a relative deviation of 7% as representative values for the technical performance indicators of the PV-storage system, the capacity allocation indicators for photovoltaic and battery storage in rural residential buildings in the Changsha area were derived.