As a vital renewable energy source, efficient geothermal resource development hinges on accurately exploring geothermal reservoir structures and dynamics. This paper comprehensively sums up the applications of electrical, magnetic, seismic exploration, and integrated geophysical methods in geothermal exploration. By analyzing domestic and international cases, it highlights the strengths and limitations of these technologies. Key findings indicate that wide - area electromagnetic (WEM) methods, with high - density 3D array observation and multi - parameter joint inversion, enhance the resolution of deep geothermal reservoirs. Seismic - electromagnetic cooperative imaging with 3D inversion modeling can precisely interpret geological structures at kilometer - depth levels. Distributed temperature/acoustic sensing (DTS/DAS) technologies enable real - time monitoring of reservoir dynamics. For instance, the Netherlands" low - unit - cost (LUC) geothermal development model uses 3D seismic data for optimal reservoir positioning, showing remarkable economic viability. In the U.S. Geysers geothermal field, real - time monitoring of seismic activity and injection parameters effectively reduces induced - earthquake risks. However, these technologies face challenges like urban noise interference, high - temperature signal attenuation, and insufficient deep - exploration capabilities. Future development requires building multi - physical - field joint inversion platforms, creating high - temperature - resistant equipment, and establishing data - fusion standards. This will promote cross - disciplinary integration in geothermal exploration, driving it towards intelligence, real - time capability, and deep - earth exploration, thus offering technological support for global geothermal resource development.