Oil booms play a vital role in dealing with oil spills on water. Aiming at the single problem of existing oil booms in fast-flowing rivers, a new type of double-layer mesh fence is designed for oil spill recovery in fast-flowing rivers based on the parameters of traditional oil booms. Based on the mainstream computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT, a two-dimensional numerical flume model was established to simulate the transient distribution of oil and water under the action of the new oil containment boom with the volume of fluid (VOF) as the computational model, and the volume of oil intercepted was used as the monitoring data to explore the direction of optimizing the oil containment performance of the oil containment boom. Monitoring data was used to explore the optimization direction of oil containment performance of the oil containment boom. The results show that the optimised oil containment boom has a grid radius of 30 mm and a porosity of 0.3. Compared with the traditional boom, the new oil containment capacity of the new oil containment boom is better than that of the traditional boom, which provides an effective reference for the design of oil containment boom for fast-flowing rivers.