Aiming at the technical problems of "untimely perception, poor transmission and difficult equipment deployment" in the monitoring and early warning of mountain disasters in the complex environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, A UAV-throwing monitoring device, LoRa networking and edge computing gateway, as well as other embedded hardware and software equipment applicable to deformation and micro-motion monitoring of high-level and high-risk mountain disasters were developed, and focused on the research of the system low-power adaptive data acquisition algorithm and RF frequency adaptive technology, were developed the self-organised network routing algorithm based on LoRa and Beidou RDSS, as well as the multimodal communication intelligent switching technology, so as to solve the problems of timeliness of data perception in complex environments and the problems of low-power consumption and environmental adaptability. The results showed that the developed system had a good on-site pilot application effect, which meeting the requirements for long-term monitoring of mountain disasters in alpine mountainous areas, and the average packet loss rate of data transmission in extreme environments was 2.3288 per cent, providing new technologies and methods for disaster prevention and mitigation in the construction and operation of major projects in alpine and complex mountainous areas.