In order to simulate the seismic damage process of reinforced concrete (RC) columns precisely and effectively, the method of seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete members is established by combining the uniaxial damage constitutive model of concrete and steel bar with the flexibility-based fiber beam-column element model. The quasi-static test of reinforced concrete column is simulated and analyzed. It is found that the simulation model can simulate the degradation process of stiffness and bearing capacity of component with good accuracy. The shaking table test of reinforced concrete column under biaxial loading is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the simulation model can simulate the nonlinear dynamic behavior and damage distribution of component with good accuracy. Furthermore, the established model can effectively simulate the evolution process of seismic damage of components, and describe weak parts of components, and has high computational efficiency and solution accuracy, which can be used to analyze the collapse process of buildings and bridge structures under earthquake action.