In view of the challenges posed by the goaf at the pile tip to the design of rock-socketed piles (such as load-bearing performance and long-term service performance), a scaled model test was conducted using the rock-socketed piles in the goaf of the Dujiashan Super Bridge as a prototype. Based on the model test, the bearing capacity of single pile at different distances from the goaf to the pile tip and whether the goaf is grouted or not is studied. The scaled parameters were calculated and appropriate test materials were selected for model construction. Through multi-level load tests, the changing characteristics of pile top settlement, pile axial force, pile tip resistance and pile side friction at different distances from the goaf to the pile tip and after grouting are obtained. And the bearing characteristics of rock-socketed piles without goaf were comparatively analyzed. The results show that as the distance from the goaf to the pile tip decreases, the bearing capacity of the model pile tip bearing layer decreases, which is not conducive to the bearing capacity of the model pile. After grouting, the bearing capacity of the pile tip bearing layer is significantly increased, resulting in a significant reduction in pile top settlement of the model pile and a significant increase in bearing capacity.