The wave glider is a new type of mobile ocean observation platform widely used in marine exploration, often with sensors mounted on the float. In order to ensure the safe operation of the wave glider carrying different sensors for marine exploration tasks, the range of payload for the wave glider float is initially determined based on the principle of ship stability. AQWA is used to simulate regular and irregular waves for wave glider float with different payload configurations, exploring the influence of different wave conditions on the roll motion of the float. The range of payload for the wave glider under sea state 3 is determined. The results show that when the payload weight exceeds 4% (2 kg) of the float mass or the mast height exceeds 1 meter, the GM value will significantly decrease. Under sea state 3, when MH is less than 2 kg·m, the wave glider can safely operate for marine exploration tasks. The simulation results are validated through pool experiment and sea trials experiment, providing effective reference for the design of wave glider"s payload for marine exploration.