As the main force-bearing component of cable-stayed bridges, cables are often in complex and harsh working environments, and traditional cable force monitoring methods have certain limitations. In this paper, a fiber grating cable force sensor is developed by encapsulating the fiber grating sensor embedded into the groove on the metal pressure block, and the durability performance of two epoxy resin adhesive encapsulated fiber grating cable force sensors in the acid and alkali corrosion environment is studied, and then the sensor life prediction equation is derived by relying on the inverse power law model and aging kinetic theory. The test results show that the sensor perform well on the linearity and stability, and the main reason for the failure of the sensor in the corrosion solution is the corrosion and peeling of the adhesive in the boundary zone of the package site. The acid and alkali resistance of class A sensors is stronger than that of class B sensors, and the service life of class A sensors in weak acid and weak alkali environments is more than 35 years, which is longer than the average cable change life of cable-stayed bridge cables of 20 years, and can realize the monitoring of the whole life cycle of cables.