The existing centrifugal simulation technology for piled embankments contains many simplifications and neglects the similarity of model stress history. Fully considering the similarity of geometric pile layout, material characteristics, loading and stress history, a centrifuge model test protocol for piled embankments with high gravity field in-flight consolidation, pile construction, and embankment loading was optimized and designed. A numerical simulation method corresponding to the in-flight loading process was proposed, and a single pile finite element model of piled embankments was established at the corresponding model scale and prototype scale, respectively. Comparative analysis shows that the pile-soil settlement curve, load sharing law, load transfer of embankments and pile shaft, and excess pore water pressure distribution of the model scale and prototype scale numerical models are consistent, verifying the correctness and rationality of the similarity design of centrifuge model of the piled embankments. The centrifuge modeling plan can reflect the deformation development, soil arching effect, and load transfer characteristics of piled embankments, laying an important preliminary research foundation for the centrifuge model test of piled embankments under in-flight loading conditions.