In the mining process of medium thick ore body with steep incline, the movement trend of surrounding rock mass caused by mining in the caving area plays an important role in the use of induced caving method. Taking the induced caving mining of an iron mine as the engineering background, the similar material experiment method was used to simulate the influence of mining disturbance on the ore body and surrounding rock of the upper and lower plates near the ore below the mining depth of 400 m, 600 m, 800 m and 1000 m. The research shows that under the condition of 400-1000 m mining depth, the ore body and surrounding rock of the upper and lower walls of the mine show the phenomenon of compaction → slip → compaction, and ore drawing has a great influence on the disturbance of roof rock. The horizontal displacement change of the ore body is more intense than that of the surrounding rock of the upper and lower walls near the mine, and the surrounding rock of the upper wall is more sensitive to the disturbance of ore drawing than the surrounding rock of the lower wall. With the increase of mining depth, the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the ore body and the surrounding rock of the upper and lower plates near the ore body change from pointing to the goaf to deviating from the goaf, and the total displacement and strain fluctuation range of the ore body increases..