In this study, physical and mechanical characteristics of albitite and schist in a large copper mine in Southwest China were studied. 54 engineering geological surveys have been completed at elevations of +1890~1760m, 10 geostress tests have been conducted at elevations of +1880~1760m, and samples of albitite and schist have been sampled at elevations of +1984~1760m, and tests of physical properties, uniaxial compressive strength and uniaxial compression deformation of rock samples have been completed.The density, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, Poisson"s ratio of rock samples, joint spacing in-situ stress of rock mess of each elevation were obtained.The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, density and Poisson"s ratio of albitic and schist increase with depth, porosity and joint spacing decrease with depth. With the increase of rock depth, the in-situ stress increases, which directly changes the stress environment of rock mass. The joint spacing of rock mass also reflects the change of stress environment. It also changes the porosity and density of rock mass. Then the mineral particles of the rock are squeezed, resulting in the gradual densification of the rock structure, and the improvement of the mechanical strength characteristics of rock.