In order to utilize the properties of jumping noise for health monitoring of expansion joints, a simulation model was established for GQF-C type expansion joints, considering both healthy and damaged states. The damage was characterized by steel bar exposure resulting from pavement damage. By conducting dynamics simulation, the acceleration experienced during the jumping contact process between wheels and expansion joints was obtained. Subsequently, the acceleration field was transformed into sound pressure through acoustic simulation. The study focused on analyzing the sound pressure distribution recorded by microphones at various points under different jump heights, comparing the differences in noise characteristics between healthy and damaged expansion joints. The results indicate that the sound pressure amplitude is key in distinguishing between healthy and damaged expansion joints. Furthermore, while the height of the jump does influence the sound pressure amplitude, its impact is relatively small compared to the change caused by damage to the expansion joints. Interestingly, the proximity of the microphone measuring point to the expansion joint has minimal effect on the health status of the joint. Therefore, by utilizing jumping noise, it is possible to effectively monitor the health condition of expansion joints.