Jinsha River is located in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, across the first and second geomorphic ladder transition zones in China, and geological disasters occur frequently in the basin. The Sichuan Riverside Expressway is an important supporting project for "The Belt and Road Initiative" and " Yangtze River Economic Belt " which is of great strategic significance to the development of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. In view of the special phenomenon of the differential distribution of geological disasters in the Pingshan-Jinyang section of the high-speed along the middle reaches of the Jinsha River, this paper systematically sorts out the background conditions and characteristics of the development of geological disasters in the study area through remote sensing interpretation, field investigation and data analysis, analyzes the genetic mechanism of the differential distribution of geological disasters, and puts forward the prevention and control countermeasures of different disaster types in the study area. The results show that: (1) The geological disasters in the Pingshan-Jinyang section of the Riverside Expressway along the Jinsha River show that the proportion of debris flow disasters in Pingshan County with large annual rainfall is much lower than that in Leibo County and Jingyanghua3 County with small annual rainfall. (2) Topography, geological structure, geological structure and seismic activity are the internal influencing factors of differential distribution. (3) Critical rainfall and human engineering activities are the external factors of differential distribution. The internal and external factors jointly dominate the differential distribution of geological disasters in the study area. Corresponding prevention and control suggestions are put forward for different types of geological disasters.