In order to study the energy consumption and failure characteristics of frozen soil with different freezing temperatures (-10~-30 ℃) under impact loads, the dynamic compression experiments of frozen soil samples under different impact pressures (0.2~0.7 MPa) were carried out with a 75 mm separate Hopkinson pressure bar experiment apparatus. The results show that the crushing energy consumption density of frozen soil samples is linearly and positively correlated with the incident energy. After the freezing temperature drops to -20 ℃, the increase rate increases significantly and the growth rate tends to be stable; The crushing energy consumption density has a linear negative correlation with freezing temperature, but a quadratic polynomial relationship with strain rate; The dynamic compression strength of frozen soil is approximately linearly positively correlated with the crushing energy consumption density, which can better reflect the essential characteristics of the strength of frozen soil samples under external load; The larger the energy consumption density of frozen soil sample is, the more significant the crushing effect is; The fractal dimension can be used to quantitatively assess the crushing degree of frozen soil, and its value is mainly concentrated between 1.5-2.4, the higher the degree of fragmentation of the specimen, the greater the fractal dimension, and there is a linear positive correlation between the fractal dimension and the crushing energy consumption density.