As the main component of tropospheric aerosols, dust has a complex influence on global weather and climate ecosystems. At the same time, as an air pollutant, it is harmful to human health. Dust weather usually erupts in spring and has great influence on productions and lives in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China. Many studies on dust detection by remote sensing have been carried out in the past and a lot of accomplishments have been achieved. However, for some thin dust and complex conditions under various surface, the effect of traditional methods is poor. In our paper, Himawari-8 data were used to propose a targeted identification method, thus the Fractional Dust Cover Index (FDCI) is introduced based on the dynamic brightness temperature background map.