Based on RUSLE model and data of rainfall, soil, DEM and land use, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of soil erosion intensity in anhui Province in 1980, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were analyzed. The relationship between soil erosion change and land use type was further discussed based on GIS technology. The results show that :(1) The overall soil erosion in anhui province in the past 40 years shows a trend of decreasing first and then rising slightly. The total erosion in 1980 was 65.1092 million t.a^-1, decreased to 31.6926 million t.a^-1 in 2005, and rose to 42.0501 million t.a^-1 in 2020. (2) The overall erosion in Anhui province is mainly micro erosion, and the erosion intensity is gradually intensified from north to south. The erosion intensity and above is mainly concentrated in the Dabie mountain area in west Anhui and the hilly area in south Anhui. (3) The change of soil erosion intensity in Anhui province mainly occurred in Dabie mountain area in west Anhui and the hilly area in south Anhui. (4) The total amount of soil erosion in grassland is relatively high. In 2020, the average erosion modulus and erosion amount of grassland in Anhui province were 2734.49 t.(km².a)^-1 and 22.48328 t.a^-1 respectively, and the erosion intensity and above is mainly concentrated in grassland. The results can provide data support for soil and water conservation in Anhui Province.