The flow field matching was studied and the flow field evaluation system of high water cut reservoirs was established, based on the study of the problems such as obvious internal dominant channels of the flow field in the later stage of the development of high water cut reservoirs and the poor development effect caused by the inefficient circulation of injected water. Based on the evaluation system, the oil phase matching degree and water phase matching degree of the flow field of different layers are calculated and compared, and the small layers that need to be adjusted are found. At the same time, the injection production optimization model is established with the maximum cumulative oil production as the objective function, and the ant colony algorithm is used to solve it, so as to obtain the optimal injection production scheme. Chengdong reservoir is taken as the example to evaluate the flow field matching degree, and the development effect of the 4th, 8th and 10th layers is poor. After adjusting the injection and production of such poor areas, the optimal injection and production result was obtained. Compared with the original development plan, the oil production increased by 17376 m3 and the water cut decreased by 0.0287%. The research indicates that the flow field of high water cut reservoir can be quickly and accurately characterized by the reservoir flow field evaluation system. Meanwhile, the optimization of injection and production can improve the flow field distribution of high water cut reservoir, improve the degree of remaining oil production, and fully tap the potential of remaining oil, which is of great significance to improve the waterflooding development effect of high water cut reservoir.