In view of the different load combinations of bridge cranes under various working conditions, it is difficult to detect and test the strength, stiffness and stability of bridge cranes. Taking a company’s bridge crane as the research object, a three-dimensional model was established through SoildWorks. The finite element simulation analysis software Midas NFX was used to design feasible bridge structure model experimental programs under various working conditions, so as to carry out linear static analysis, fatigue analysis and buckling analysis. The strength, stiffness, and stability of the crane’s main girder have been analyzed and studied. The results show that the static strength, static stiffness, fatigue strength and stability of the bridge crane meet the requirements of the design specification, and the overall structure still has a large room for optimization. Intelligent optimization algorithm-the specular reflection algorithm is used to optimize the design parameters of the crane metal structure, and an improvement plan is proposed, which significantly reduces the quality of the structure and provides a scientific reference for the subsequent design of the same type of structure.