Flight safety is the foundation of civil aviation operations. The low speed, high inertia, and complex operating environment of an aircraft during landing are the stage where accidents occur frequently. In order to analyze the research status of aircraft hard landing, a review of domestic and foreign literature on hard landing was conducted. Simulation modeling, machine learning and other methods were used to analyze the intelligent diagnosis of hard landing, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis were used to carry out hard landing causation analysis and risk assessment, and the risk, quantity and related parameters of hard landing were predicted. The results and deficiencies of the existing research on the above three aspects were analyzed. Due to the complexity, variability, and uncertainty in the flight environment and human-computer interaction, the stability control system and the real-time prediction of hard landing of civil aircraft are the future research trends.